A Comparative Analysis of Attacks on RPL in Internet of Things Networks
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64882/ijrt.v13.i3.765Keywords:
Routing Protocol Security, Internet of Things, IoT, RPL, Low Power and Lossy Networks, LLNsAbstract
The Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) is the standard routing protocol widely adopted in Internet of Things (IoT) and Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) environments. While RPL is a lightweight protocol offering efficient routing functionality, it provides only basic security mechanisms, which makes it susceptible to a variety of security attacks. Ensuring security in IoT networks is particularly challenging due to their resource-constrained nature and their direct connectivity to the largely unsecured Internet. This survey presents a comprehensive review of security issues associated with RPL, building upon existing research while addressing security challenges specific to IoT environments. The study proposes a classification of RPL attacks based on the fundamental security principles of Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability (CIA). Additionally, the survey examines existing countermeasures for identified attacks and provides theoretical solutions, derived from the literature, for attacks that have not yet been thoroughly evaluated. The paper concludes by highlighting open research challenges and outlining future research directions necessary to enhance the security of RPL for Internet of Things applications
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