Intelligent Bioremediation In The Industry 5.0 Era: A Comprehensive Review
Keywords:
Bioremediation, Industry 5.0, Engineered microbes, Algae, Synthetic biology, Environmental sustainability, Artificial intelligence, Biosensors, CRISPR-Cas9, Circular economyAbstract
Heavy metals, petroleum hydrocarbons, medicines, and persistent organic pollutants have contaminated the environment to an unprecedented degree as a result of global industrialization. Despite being ecologically friendly, traditional bioremediation techniques have some drawbacks, such as delayed degradation kinetics, susceptibility to environmental changes, a narrow spectrum of pollutants, and an inability to dynamically adjust to changing contamination conditions. In order to create intelligent, adaptable environmental cleaning systems, this paper explores the intersection of cutting-edge bioremediation technologies with Industry 5.0 principles—human-centricity, sustainability, and resilience. We investigate how smart technologies such as artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, biosensors, and cyber-physical systems may be integrated with engineered microbial and algal systems via a thorough examination of peer-reviewed literature published between 2015 and 2025. Important discoveries show that CRISPR-based genetic engineering has created microbial strains with a three-fold greater ability to accumulate heavy metals and a 2.5-fold enhanced hydrocarbon breakdown. Algal systems designed to better absorb pollutants show simultaneous CO2 sequestration and wastewater treatment, with nutrient removal efficiency over 90%. When compared to traditional systems, smart bioreactors using machine learning algorithms achieve 40% quicker degradation rates and 30% reduced energy usage. The Industry 5.0 framework facilitates human-machine-biology cooperation in which created organisms carry out remedial tasks, artificial intelligence manages real-time optimization, and human knowledge directs strategic choices. Significant obstacles still exist in the areas of public acceptability, scalable implementation, regulatory framework creation, and biosafety evaluation despite these technical advancements. According to the review's findings, intelligent bioremediation in the context of Industry 5.0 is a revolutionary strategy that shifts from passive, static remediation to responsive, adaptive environmental management. To ensure responsible deployment, future research must give priority to multidisciplinary governance structures, field-scale validation studies, and standardized biosafety standards.
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