Grid Power Quality of Bidirectional Transformer Less Electric Vehicle Charging for EV Application
Keywords:
Electric Vehicles (EVs), Grid-to-Vehicle, Power QualityAbstract
The rapid adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) has increased the demand for efficient, cost-effective, and grid-friendly charging infrastructures. Traditional transformer-based EV chargers offer galvanic isolation but are often bulky, expensive, and less efficient due to increased switching losses and magnetic component size. Transformer-less bidirectional chargers have emerged as a promising alternative, enabling both Grid-to-Vehicle (G2V) and Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) operation with improved efficiency, compact design, and reduced cost.
This study investigates the grid power quality performance of a transformer-less bidirectional EV charger, focusing on harmonic mitigation, power factor correction, and the reduction of common-mode leakage current. A control strategy based on bidirectional power converters is analyzed, ensuring smooth transition between charging and discharging modes. The system is designed to maintain unity power factor, minimize Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), and enhance grid stability during bidirectional operation. Simulation and FPGA-based implementation highlight improvements in efficiency, reduced component count, and compliance with power quality requirements. The results demonstrate that transformer-less bidirectional charging systems can provide a compact, high-efficiency solution for EV applications, provided advanced control algorithms and protection schemes are implemented to safeguard the grid and the vehicle battery.
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