Automatic Braking System in Vehicles Using Sensor-Based Collision Avoidance

Abstract

Road accidents caused by delayed driver response continue to be a major concern worldwide. Automatic Braking Systems (ABS/AEB) are advanced vehicle safety technologies designed to detect obstacles and automatically apply brakes to prevent collisions. This paper presents the design, implementation, and performance evaluation of an Automatic Braking System using ultrasonic sensors, microcontrollers, and braking actuators. The system continuously monitors the distance between the vehicle and surrounding obstacles. When a potential collision is detected within a predefined safety range, the controller activates the braking mechanism without requiring driver intervention. Experimental results demonstrate improved reaction time, reduced stopping distance, and enhanced passenger safety. The proposed system is economical, reliable, and suitable for integration into modern vehicles as part of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS).