IoT Based Coal Mine Safety Monitoring and Alerting Helmet System

Abstract

Coal mines are considered one of the most dangerous working environments because miners are continuously exposed to toxic gases, low ventilation, extreme temperature conditions, and unexpected fire hazards. Many accidents occur due to the late detection of unsafe environmental parameters and the absence of real-time warning systems close to the worker. This paper presents an Internet of Things (IoT) based coal mine safety monitoring and alerting helmet system that continuously observes critical parameters such as temperature, humidity, toxic gas concentration, flame presence, and miner body temperature. A Global Positioning System (GPS) module is also integrated to provide real-time location tracking during emergency rescue operations. Sensor readings are displayed locally on a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) and simultaneously uploaded to an IoT monitoring platform for remote supervision. Whenever hazardous conditions exceed the safe threshold values, the system activates a buzzer and relay-based emergency alert mechanism and can also support ventilation through a fan system. The proposed helmet system is a low-cost, reliable, and effective safety solution that improves worker protection and reduces accident risk in underground coal mine environments.