Cyclic Behavior of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Beams: A Review

Abstract

Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete (SFRC) has gained increasing attention as an effective material for enhancing the performance of structural elements subjected to cyclic and reversed loading conditions. Conventional reinforced concrete beams often suffer from brittle failure, excessive cracking, and rapid stiffness degradation when exposed to repeated loading, particularly during seismic events. The incorporation of steel fibers into the concrete matrix improves tensile strength, crack control, ductility, and energy dissipation capacity, thereby enhancing cyclic performance. This review paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of existing experimental and analytical studies on the cyclic behavior of SFRC beams. Key aspects discussed include the influence of fiber type, volume fraction, and geometry, as well as the effects of reinforcement detailing and loading protocols on strength degradation, stiffness retention, hysteretic response, and failure mechanisms. Comparisons between SFRC and conventional reinforced concrete beams are also examined to highlight performance improvements achieved through fiber reinforcement. In addition, the review identifies current challenges related to standardization, modeling approaches, and design provisions. By synthesizing findings from past research, this study aims to provide a clearer understanding of the role of steel fibers in improving cyclic response and to identify future research directions necessary for the effective application of SFRC beams in seismic and cyclic loading scenarios.