Survey Paper on Massive MIMO System using Different Equalization and Beamforming Technique
Keywords:
MC-CDMA, OFDM, MMSE, MPCEAbstract
In wireless communication systems, signals are transmitted through electromagnetic wave propagation in the atmosphere. The presence of reflectors in the surroundings of the transmitter and receiver creates multiple paths through which signals are transmitted. Multipath propagation, mobility of the transmitter, receiver, and local scattering cause the signal to spread in frequency, time, and angle, resulting in inter-symbol interference (ISI) in the received signal. Although MC-CDMA mitigates the problem of time dispersion, it is still necessary to effectively remove the amplitude and phase shift caused by the channel. To address this problem, channel estimation–based equalization in the receiver, beamforming (BF) in the transmitter, and relay-assisted transmission can be employed. MMSE equalization alone is not an efficient method for ISI reduction, as equalization is not performed with knowledge of channel impairments. To enhance the effectiveness of equalization in reducing ISI, channel estimation is used to estimate the amplitude and phase shift caused by wireless channel impairments. A modified pilot channel estimation (MPCE) technique is proposed for a MIMO MC-CDMA system, in which the number and positions of pilot symbols are dynamically varied based on channel conditions.
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