Evaluation of Sustainable Organic Farming Techniques for Enhancing Crop Yield and Soil Health Quality

Abstract

This study evaluates the effectiveness of sustainable organic farming techniques in enhancing crop yield and improving soil health quality under varied agro-ecological conditions. Organic farming, as an environmentally responsible approach, emphasizes natural soil enrichment through composting, crop rotation, biofertilizers, and integrated pest management, minimizing dependency on synthetic chemicals. The research focuses on comparing organic and conventional farming systems to determine their impact on soil fertility parameters and yield stability. Field experiments were conducted on multiple cropping systems involving cereals, pulses, and vegetables, where soil organic carbon, nutrient balance (NPK), microbial activity, and crop productivity were systematically assessed. Results indicate that organic practices significantly improved soil structure, nutrient retention, and biological activity, leading to long-term fertility enhancement. Although initial crop yields in organic systems were moderately lower than those of conventional systems, consistent soil improvement and ecological balance contributed to yield stabilization over time. Furthermore, organic techniques enhanced soil microbial diversity, reduced erosion risks, and improved moisture conservation. The study concludes that adopting sustainable organic methods can ensure both agricultural productivity and environmental preservation. These findings highlight the importance of integrating organic farming into mainstream agricultural policies for long-term food security, soil restoration, and ecological sustainability.