The Impact of Political Polarization on Electoral Participation in India: A Comparative Analysis of the 2014, 2019, and 2024 Lok Sabha Elections
Keywords:
Political Polarization, Electoral Participation, Lok Sabha Elections, Voting Behaviour, Ideological Division, Indian DemocracyAbstract
Political polarization has become a significant feature of contemporary Indian politics, influencing electoral competition, voter behaviour, and patterns of political participation. In democratic systems, polarization can strengthen political engagement by increasing ideological awareness, mobilizing voters, and intensifying electoral competition. However, excessive polarization may also create social divisions, increase political hostility, and challenge the principles of inclusive democratic participation. This study examines the impact of political polarization on electoral participation in India through a comparative analysis of the 2014, 2019, and 2024 Lok Sabha elections.
The study explores how ideological divisions, identity-based politics, leadership narratives, and digital campaigning have shaped voter mobilization and electoral behaviour during these elections. The 2014 election marked a major transformation in Indian politics with the rise of a strong national-level political narrative, while the 2019 election witnessed intensified polarization around nationalism, security, and governance. The 2024 election reflected a more competitive political environment, where ideological debates, social identities, welfare issues, and democratic concerns influenced voter choices.
The findings suggest that political polarization has contributed to increased electoral awareness, stronger political participation, and higher levels of voter mobilization. At the same time, growing ideological divisions have created challenges related to political intolerance, misinformation, and social fragmentation. The study concludes that political polarization plays a dual role in Indian democracy: it can encourage participation by creating political engagement, but excessive polarization may weaken democratic dialogue and social cohesion. Therefore, maintaining a balance between political competition and inclusive democratic values remains essential for the future of electoral participation in India.
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