Comprehensive Design and Implementation of an IoT-Enabled Heart Rate and SpO2 Monitoring System Utilizing Arduino Uno and MAX30100
Keywords:
MQTT Protocol, Arduino Uno, Telemedicine, Heart Rate Variability, Blood Oxygen Saturation (SpO2), Photoplethysmography (PPG), Pulse Oximetry, Remote Patient Monitoring, Internet of Things (IoT)Abstract
Continuous remote monitoring of vital physiological parameters is critical for proactive healthcare management and telemedicine infrastructure. This paper presents an IoT-enabled health monitoring system designed to measure heart rate (HR) and peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO2) in real-time. The system leverages the Arduino Uno microcontroller coupled with an IoT communication module and the MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) protocol to ensure low-latency data transmission to a cloud- based healthcare dashboard. The MAX30100 integrated pulse oximetry sensor captures photoplethysmography (PPG) signals, allowing the system to accurately extract and calculate cardiovascular and respiratory metrics. To translate this continuous data into actionable clinical responses, the system integrates local displays for immediate patient feedback and programmed triggers for sending emergency alerts to medical personnel or caregivers when vitals fall outside normal physiological thresholds. Furthermore, software-driven digital filtering algorithms are implemented to mitigate motion artifacts and ambient light interference, significantly increasing the accuracy and reliability of the sensor readings. The results demonstrate a responsive, non-invasive, and cost-effective solution for automated remote patient monitoring and smart healthcare delivery.
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