Mechanical Analysis and Thermal Properties of Bitumen-Acacia Sap Composites
Keywords:
Dynamic mechanical analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, Bitumen-acaciaAbstract
Bitumen binder mechanical and thermal properties have been unsatisfactory. Different synthetic binder modifies that have been used to improve its performance have led to environmental problems such as incineration and landfill. Acacia sap a natural polymer and environmental friendly has been used successfully as a modifier. Composites of bitumen-acacia sap with different composition of sap percentage ranging from 0% to 62.5% cell sap were prepared by injection drawing process. The composites were analyzed by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) for mechanical properties, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) for thermal properties. It was found that the storage modulus and Loss modulus of bitumen binder increased with acacia sap loading. The glass transition temperatures were found to shift to higher values as acacia sap loading increased. The activation energies were determined from the thermogravimetric data of the bitumen-acacia composites using the Broido model. Pure bitumen binder was found to have the highest thermal stability. In addition, modification of bitumen binder with 25% acacia sap loading gave optimum mechanical properties.
References
Broido, A. (1969). A simple sensitive graphical method of treating thermogravimetric analysis data; Journal of Polymer Science, part A 27:1761.
Carbognani, L., Hassan, A. and Pereiralmao, P. (2010). Oxidation of oils and bitumen at various oxygen concentrations, Journal of Energy Fuel, 24:5378-5386.
Carneiro, O.S. and Maia M. (2000). Rheological behaviour of carbon fibre/thermoplastics composites, part I: The influence of fibre type, processing conditions and level of incorporation, Polymer Composites, 21:6.
Fawcett A. H. and Lort, S. K. (2003). Structure Formation in Polymeric Fibers, Journal of Polymer, 29:1992.
Fawcett, A. H., McNally, T., McNally, G.M., Andrew, S.F. and Clarke, J. (1999). Blends of Bitumen with various Polyolefins; Journal of Polymer, 41:5315-5326.
Frederika, P. P., Donatella, D., Clara, S., Sossio, C. and Aneta V. (2010). Viscoelastic properties and morphological characteristics of polymer-modified bitumen blends, Journal of Applied Polymer Science; 118:1320-1330.
Gupta, M., Singh, B. and Hina, T. (2003). Use of Isocyanate production waste in the preparation of improved waterproofing bitumen; Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 90:1365-1377.
Lomankin, S.M., Rogovina, S. Z., Grachev, A. V., Prut, E. V. and Alexanyan, C. V. (2011). Thermal degradation of biodegradable blends of polyethylene with cellulose and ethylcellulose; Journal of Thermochimica Acta; 38:66-88.
Naskar, M., Chaki, T. K. and Reddy, K. S. (2010). Effect of waste plastic as modifier on thermal stability and degradation kinetics of bitumen/waste plastic blend, Journal of Thermochimica Acta; 509:128-134.
Perez-Lepe, A., Martinezboza, F.J., Attane, P. and Gallegos, C. (2006). Destabilization mechanism of polyethylene modified bitumen, Journal of Applied Polymer Science; 100:260-267.
Saleh, M. F. (2004). New Zealand Experience with Foam Bitumen Stabilization, Journal of Transport Research Board; 1868: 40-49.
Shaopeng, W. and Ling, P. (2008). Laboratory study on ultraviolet radiation aging of bitumen; Journal of Material in Civil Engineering; 22(8):767-771.
Vauderschueren, J. and Gasiot, J. (1979). In Braunlid (Eed) Thermally stimulated relaxation in solids, sponger-verlag, Berlin; 37:4
Vasiljevic, A., Frederika, P. and Cimmino, S. (2010). Viscoelastic properties and morphological characteristics of polymer modified bitumen; Journal of Polymer Modified Bitumen Science; 118:1320-1330.
Vogel, A. (1921). Non-linear Dielectric responses of a model glass former under oscillating temperature. Journal of Physical Society Japan; 22: 645.
Ward, I.M. and Hadley D.W. (1993.). An introduction to the mechanical properties of solid polymers; John Wiley and Sons Ltd, New York.
William, G. and Perkins N. (1999). Polymer toughness and impact resistance, Journal of Polymer Engineering and Science; 39:12.
Xiaohu, L. and Isacsson, U. (2001). Modification of road bitumen with thermoplastic polymers, Journal of Polymer Testing; 20:77–86.
Downloads
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
