Effectiveness of Online Teaching in Developing Language Skills of Primary Students during COVID-19

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic caused unprecedented disruption in the education system worldwide, compelling schools to shift from traditional classroom teaching to online modes of instruction. This sudden transition significantly affected primary education, particularly the development of language skills among young learners. Language learning at the primary level requires interaction, practice, and continuous guidance, which became challenging in an online environment. The present study aims to examine the effectiveness of online teaching in developing language skills listening, speaking, reading, and writing (LSRW) of primary school students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a descriptive and analytical approach based on secondary data, teacher feedback, and observations, the study highlights both the achievements and limitations of online teaching. The findings reveal that while online teaching supported listening and reading skills to some extent, it was less effective in developing speaking and writing skills, especially among students from rural and economically weaker backgrounds. The paper concludes with suggestions for improving online language instruction at the primary level.