Comparative Study Of Bioactive Compounds In Selected Medicinal Plants
Keywords:
Medicinal plants, Bioactive compounds, Phytochemicals, Comparative study, Herbal medicine, AntioxidantsAbstract
The bioactive compounds in medicinal plants, including alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, phenolics, glycosides and terpenoids, make them effective for treating and preventing a range of diseases, making their use go back to ancient times. These phytochemicals exhibit strong pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antidiabetic. The present study intends to make comparative study of bioactive compounds present in selected medicinal plants like Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi), Azadirachta indica (Neem), Aloe vera, Curcuma longa (Turmeric) and Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha). Major secondary metabolites have been identified and quantified by using the standard phytochemical screening techniques. The study showed that there is great variation in bioactive constituents’ concentration and diversity in medicinal plants selected. Turmeric was rich in phenolic compounds and curcuminoids and Neem was rich in antimicrobial phytochemicals such as alkaloids and flavonoids. Tulsi exhibited high antioxidant activity with the presence of essential oils and phenolics in the plant. Aloe vera had a large number of polysaccharides and glycoproteins which are useful in wound healing while Ashwagandha had a large number of steroidal lactones which are useful in adaptogenic activity. The comparative results highlight the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants and justify their use in the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and herbal medicine sector. The study adds to the knowledge of the phytochemical diversity of medicinal plants and suggests their utilization in the future for drug development and medicine.
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