Assessment of Antibiotic Utilization Pattern & Antimicrobial Resistance in Hospitalized Patients

Abstract

Antibiotics play a vital role in the management of bacterial infections in hospitalized patients and are among the most frequently prescribed medications. However, the inappropriate, excessive, and irrational use of antibiotics has contributed significantly to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which is now recognized as a major global public health challenge. The increasing prevalence of resistant microorganisms has made the treatment of infections more difficult, leading to prolonged hospital stays, increased healthcare costs, and higher morbidity and mortality rates. The present study was conducted to assess the antibiotic utilization pattern and antimicrobial resistance among hospitalized patients. A retrospective observational study design was adopted, and data from 800 patients were analyzed. The dataset included patient demographic details such as age and gender, clinical diagnosis, antibiotic prescribed, dosage regimen, route of administration, frequency, duration of therapy, and culture sensitivity patterns. The collected data were systematically analyzed using Microsoft Excel with the help of pivot tables, charts, and graphical representations. The study concludes that irrational and excessive use of antibiotics contributes significantly to the development of antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, rational prescribing practices and implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programs are essential to control the rising trend of resistance.