Different Modes of Power Inverters with and Without Filter for Renewable Energy Source

Abstract

Economic drivers, technologies, and demand-side management are key to understanding the long-term trends of both energy and electricity consumption. Energy is one of the main inputs for the expansion of any economy. In developing countries, the energy sector holds great significance. Today, the world depends heavily on energy resources that are becoming limited and exclusive. Fuel cells are considered one of the most promising sources of distributed energy because of their high efficiency, low environmental impact, and scalability. However, several complications exist in fuel cell operation. Fuel cells cannot accept current in the reverse direction, perform poorly with ripple current, provide a low output voltage that varies with age and current, and respond sluggishly to step changes in load. They are also limited in overload capability. For these reasons, power converters are essential to boost and regulate the voltage, ensuring a stable and applicable DC power source. Additionally, inverters are often added for converting DC power to AC for utility interface or AC motor applications. This paper introduces the different types, applications, and typical electrical characteristics of fuel cells. It examines various topologies of DC–DC boost converters and inverters used for fuel cell power conditioning. Several architectures to aggregate multiple fuel cells for high-voltage and high-power applications are also reviewed. In this work, renewable energy sources are presented under simulation. The research is carried out in MATLAB and evaluated under various scenarios.